Ashworth College Semester Exam

EC440 : Creating Learning Environments
Question 1
An example of a closed-ended material would be a/an:
bucket of seashells.
supply of art materials.
25-piece animal puzzle.
box of buttons in assorted colors, shapes, and sizes.

Question 2
Carly walked by the book center just as Emilio ripped a page in the book he was reading. A logical consequence for Emilio would be:
to help Carly repair the page with tape.
dismissal from the book center for the rest of the day.
a note home to the parents explaining that Emilio ripped the page.
None of the above

Question 3
Which scenario shows that the teacher understands the philosophy of early childhood education?
Kyle sets up her classroom with learning centers, and on Mondays and Thursdays she focuses on science activities.
Tyesha believes children should set the schedule based on their interests, so everyday looks different in her classroom.
Davis does not teach science and social studies as separate subjects but instead incorporates them into learning centers.
Monica believes children thrive in structure and has established a set routine of 30 minutes for math, 30 minutes for language, 30 minutes for science, and 30 minutes for social studies in the mornings before lunch since that is when the children are most likely to be engaged.

Question 4
Keisha wrote a descriptive, detailed narrative about Joseph while he played in the block center. She was using __________ as an assessment technique.
running records
time sampling
anecdotal records
frequency counts

Question 5
Alea is developing a classroom for the infants she cares for who are ages 6 weeks through 8 months. Which of the following centers would be appropriate to include?
A block center with wooden unit blocks
A physical center with pull up railing
An art center with watercolor paints
All of the above

Question 6
Since the advent of the computer, Billie wonders if it is necessary to still promote handwriting. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Handwriting is no longer necessary since most people now use a computer or another electronic device to communicate.
Handwriting is important because this is a traditional subject and it is important to honor traditions.
Writing is not important since typing results in more brain activity than writing.
There may be an underlying neural network that is used for both fine motor and reading and math skills. Therefore, handwriting is important.

Question 7
Which of the following demonstrates an adult appropriately intervening in children's play in order to sustain dramatic play?
Offering assistance if needed
Asking, "What will you do next?"
Using nondirective statements to describe what the child is doing
All of the above

Question 8
Moving from the random scribble stage to the controlled scribble stage occurs when children begin:
holding the pencil correctly.
to use their wrist.
to imitate older children and adults.
adding shapes and details.

Question 9
An obstacle course to dribble a ball through, a foam noodle to bat at a beach ball, and paper airplanes for throwing and catching would all work on __________ skills.
manipulative
locomotion
stability
None of the above

Question 10
We can assist to keep playgrounds safe through using S.A.F.E. This stands for which of the following?
Structured games, adult modeling, fall surfacing, equipment maintenance
Structured games, adult modeling, fun activities, educational toys
Supervision, age appropriate, fall surfacing, equipment maintenance
Supervision, age appropriate, fun activities, educational toys

EC400 : Early Childhood Math and Science
Question 1
Items for the child's portfolio are selected by the:
child alone.
teacher alone.
child and teacher together.
child, teacher, and parent.

Question 2
A child's record folder contains:
checklists and anecdotal records.
completed workbook pages.
completed ditto sheets.
end-of-chapter tests.

Question 3
Understanding number or numbers sense does NOT:
make the connection between quantities and counting.
underlie the understanding of more and less.
underlie the understanding of relative amounts.
focus only on counting.

Question 4
Learning about parts and wholes creates a foundation for later study of:
addition.
subtraction.
fractions.
multiplication.

Question 5
Which of the following concepts involves how much space a solid, liquid, or gas occupies?
Volume
Temperature
Weight
Length

Question 6
What do children learn to do during the preoperational period?
Recognize numerals
Say the name of each numeral
Recognize and say the name of each numeral
Associate numerals with groups

Question 7
Which is NOT a first grade Focal Point for number and operations?
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Connection of 10's and ones

Question 8
Using play money ($1and $10bills) in a dramatic play store integrates place value into which other content subject?
Music
Language arts
Social Studies
Art

Question 9
Which activity encourages children to discover that light travels in a straight line?
Humming cups
Light beam tag
Feely sock
Constructing musical instruments

Question 10
Which is NOT a source that enriches the math curriculum and helps teach math vocabulary?
Stories
Worksheets
Poems
Pictures

PS400 : Cognitive Psychology
All of the following researchers are associated with behaviorism, except
Watson.
Pavlov.
Piaget.
Skinner.

Question 2
Among the core concepts of cognitive psychology, which one provides the basis for all of our cognitive abilities?
Stages of processing
Hierarchical systems
Mental representation
Consciousness

Question 3
Blindsight is an important phenomenon because it demonstrates that
individuals can't identify objects not consciously seen.
visual consciousness is entirely dependent on retinal processing.
visual consciousness is partly dependent on processing in both the retina and the occipital cortex.
visual consciousness is entirely dependent on a functional optic nerve.

Question 4
When /p/ and /b/ differ continuously in voice onset time, we hear an abrupt transition; this is called
phonemic restoration.
verbal transformation.
categorical perception.
conversation implicature.

Question 5
The _______ , located in the temporal lobe of the brain, is critical in storing new information into long-term memory.
medulla
thalamus
hippocampus
corpus callosum

Question 6
Remembering a period of time in one's life and tying it to upper-level recollections of a job or place of residence is
an autobiographical memory.
a figurative memory.
constructed recall.
dependent recall.

Question 7
WordNet is based on which of the following approaches?
Object concepts
Rule-governed concepts
Semantic networks
Feature lists

Question 8
The eye-mind assumption is most directly related to
information processing during reading fixations.
bridging inferences.
dyslexia.
idiographic writing.

Question 9
What is one disadvantage of a heuristic approach to solving problems?
It may yield a wrong answer.
It takes sufficient time and effort to solve the problem this way.
It's too random
Remembering heuristics takes up too much working memory.

Question 10
In syllogistic reasoning, a valid conclusion is __________ true, given that the premises are true.
sometimes
never
necessarily
conditionally

S03V : Human Growth and Development I
Question 1
A biological universal event that occurs at relatively the same time throughout all societies is an example of:
young adulthood.
puberty.
adulthood.
death.

Question 2
Genes are arranged in specific locations and in a specific order along _______ chromosomes.
52
23
46
54

Question 3
What is the term for a period of deep depression following the birth of a child that affects approximately 10 percent of all new mothers for months or even years?
Postpartum depression
Stillborn
Infant mortality
Crib death

Question 4
A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences, is called:
operant conditioning.
habituation.
classical conditioning.
modeling.

Question 5
Name the principle: Simple skills typically develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills.
cephalocaudal principle
proximodistal principle
principle of the independence of systems
principle of hierarchical integration

Question 6
Baby Nicholas watches as his mother leaves the room, but he does not cry because he understands that his mother still exists even though he cannot see her. This is an example of which reaction concept?
Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions
Substage 1: Simple reflexes
Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions
Substage 4: Object permanence

Question 7
Mary is planning to take a year and a half leave from her job because she wants to stay home and care for the needs of her newborn. Mary believes that during the first 18 months of a child's life it is critical that she make herself available to her child to meet his needs and give him the attention he needs. What does Erikson call this stage of development?
The critical attachment stage
The trust-versus-mistrust stage
The autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage
The temperament behavior stage

Question 8
In its most extreme form, _________ parenting results in neglect.
permissive
authoritative
uninvolved
authoritarian

Question 9
At what age can both boys and girls judge and intercept directions of small balls thrown from a distance?
7 years old
8 years old
10 years old
12 years old

Question 10
Which of the following plays a big role in how girls experience early maturation?
How the mother and daughter get along and communicate
Cultural and community norms and standards about how women should look
How the father and daughter get along and communicate
ow much attention the girl receives from boys