PY360 Assignment 8 (2019)

Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling, and grammar. Your sole resource for responding to the three essay topics is your text: Ethics for the Information Age (7th Edition). Respond to the topics for this writing assignment using your own words. Design your responses as if you are explaining facts, concepts, and ideas to someone who is not familiar with the subject matter. Be sure to include creative examples wherever they may be appropriate. Also, be sure to provide a title for each of your essay responses.

This assignment requires you to write essays in response to all of the following:

Part 1: In your own words, summarize and contrast the harms and benefits of privacy, offering your commentary. Your commentary can include illustrative examples based on your perspective and experience.

Part 2: Offering your own commentary as you see fit, critically evaluate the idea that whistle blowing is a moral duty, focusing primarily on the perspectives of Richard De George and Carlos G. Bell, Jr.

Part 3: From the perspective of Robert Frank and Philip Cook, in your own words, describe the harmful effects of the winner-take-all society in general and the economy in particular. When it seems appropriate, provide examples from your experience or observations.

     

PY360 Lesson 8 Exam SCORE 95 PERCENT

Question 1

Artificial intelligence is the field of computer science and engineering that focuses on ways to get machines to exhibit:

Question options:

	consciousness.
	ethical behavior.
	intelligent behavior.
	philosophical insights.
Question 2

Globalization is:

Question options:

	the creation of international computer networks.
	the adoption of global Internet standards.
	the adoption of English as the language of business.
	the process of creating a worldwide network of businesses and markets.
Question 3

An arrangement where employees spend a significant portion of their work day at a distance from the employer or traditional place of work is called:

Question options:

	globalization.
	telecommuting.
	telework.
	home-based business.
Question 4

The process by which a new technology is assimilated into a society is called:

Question options:

	cultural relativism.
	globalization.
	IT leverage.
	technological diffusion.
Question 5

In 1997 IBM supercomputer Deep Blue:

Question options:

	defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a six-game match.
	proved the existence of God.
	drove a minivan across the United States.
	designed the Pentium chip.
Question 6

The phrase "digital divide" refers to the situation where:

Question options:

	users of Macintosh computers are at a disadvantage compared to users of Windows computers.
	only stockholders in high-tech companies can get rich in the new economy.
	the U.S. government prevents information technology from being exported to "unfriendly" countries.
	some people have access to information technology and others do not.
Question 7

The modern business environment is highly competitive and rapidly fluctuating. As a result, the level of commitment companies are willing to make to their employees is:

Question options:

	increasing.
	stabilizing.
	variable.
	dropping.
Question 8

One way automation can lead to the creation of new jobs is by:

Question options:

	producing products quicker, thus shortening the work week.
	reducing the price of a product, thus increasing people's real income.
	consuming fewer resources, thus improving the environment.
	All of the above
Question 9

Robert Frank and Philip Cook have explored markets where a few top performers receive a disproportionate share of the rewards. They call them __________ markets.

Question options:

	capitalistic
	bear
	rewards-based
	winner-take-all
Question 10

When one store stays open late to gain an advantage, its competitors begin to stay open late, too. At this point the first store is no better off than it was before, but now every store has additional expenses. This illustration is an example of what Frank and Cook call a:

Question options:

	capitalistic marathon.
	market economy.
	positional arms race.
	struggle for parity.
Question 11

According to the Encyclopedia of Computer Science, a "programmable machine that either in performance or appearance imitates human activities" is called a:

Question options:

	computer.
	deltoid.
	mechano.
	robot.
Question 12

__________ makes the rules for globalization.

Question options:

	Big business
	NAFTA
	The World Trade Organization
	The Multinational Trade Association
Question 13

A personal AI is:

Question options:

	an intelligent machine inexpensive enough for an individual to purchase it.
	an intelligent machine devoted to serving an individual human being.
	a computer capable of beating human beings at games such as chess.
	a machine conscious of its own existence.
Question 14

Supply-chain automation:

Question options:

	streamlines organizations by eliminating transactional middlemen.
	is one way Dell Computer keeps its costs low.
	links computers at different companies.
	All of the above
Question 15

Productivity in the United States doubled between 1945 and 1990. However, the work week didn't get shorter because:

Question options:

	income taxes were raised.
	the standard of living increased.
	corporate downsizing reduced the number of people in the workforce.
	the pay of CEOs skyrocketed.
Question 16

In 1997 IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeated world champion Gary Kasparov playing the game of:

Question options:

	chess.
	backgammon.
	checkers.
	poker.
Question 17

In the absence of laws, businesses can form __________ to reduce positional arms races.

Question options:

	campaign committees
	cooperative agreements
	task forces
	networks
Question 18

In some markets a few top performers receive a disproportionate share of the rewards. Frank and Cook call this phenomenon:

Question options:

	capitalism.
	inevitable.
	liberalism.
	the winner-take-all effect.
Question 19

The first people to adopt a new technology are those who are better off. As the technology matures, its price drops dramatically, enabling more people to acquire it. This process is called:

Question options:

	technological diffusion.
	market economics.
	social receptivity.
	IT leveraging.
Question 20

Manufacturing employment peaked in the United States in 1979. By 2008 manufacturing employment had dropped __________, even though the population of the United States had increased 35% during the same period.

Question options:

	25%
	31%
	42%
	48%

 

PY360 Lesson 7 Exam SCORE 95 PERCENT

[07] Quiz 7

 

Question 1

Responsibility assigned because of a person's assigned duties is called __________ responsibility.

Question options:

	subjective
	role
	corporate
	occupational
Question 2

The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice was developed by:

Question options:

	Computer Professinals for Social Responsibility.
	the Association for Computing Machinery and the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
	a consortium of computer science departments in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
	Immanuel Kant.
Question 3

According to the textbook, which of the following careers is NOT an example of a profession?

Question options:

	Accountant
	Dentist
	Lawyer
	Software engineer
Question 4

What is the relationship of the ACM regarding the licensing of software engineers?

Question options:

	The ACM is the licensing agent for software engineers.
	The ACM actively supports the licensing of software engineers.
	The ACM provides educational materials for the licensing of software engineers.
	The ACM is opposed to the licensing of software engineers.
Question 5

Licensing gives the members of a profession the __________ right to practice the profession.

Question options:

	documented
	corporate-approved
	agreed upon
	legal
Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of a mature profession?

Question options:

	Code of ethics
	Licensing
	Mandatory drug testing
	Mandatory professional development
Question 7

According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that you:

Question options:

	have developed the virtue.
	have not yet developed the virtue.
	are egotistical.
	are hedonistic.
Question 8

According to Aristotle, when people with strong character face a moral problem, they know the right thing to do, because:

Question options:

	they are able to determine with accuracy the consequences of their actions.
	the action is consistent with their character.
	they care more for other people than for themselves.
	they are completely impartial with respect to how they treat other people.
Question 9

__________ is required in order to use the Software Engineering Code of Ethics effectively.

Question options:

	Accreditation
	Good judgment
	A college education
	Professionalism
Question 10

Unlike most professionals, the typical software engineer does NOT:

Question options:

	have a college education.
	make important decisions.
	make more than minimum wage.
	work directly with individual clients.
Question 11

The Principles and Clauses in the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice:

Question options:

	address every ethical dilemma a software engineer may face.
	provide algebraic formulas for determining the best course of action.
	incorporate every relevant feature into the formulas.
	None of the above
Question 12

In The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle writes that happiness results from:

Question options:

	acting in a manner that supports the greater good.
	fulfilling work.
	living a life of virtue.
	giving freely of oneself to others.
Question 13

A principal factor contributing to the loss of the space shuttle Challenger was that:

Question options:

	its payload was too heavy.
	there were no experienced astronauts on board.
	the weather in Florida was unusually cold.
	it was hit by lightning.
Question 14

The process giving someone the legal right to practice a profession is called:

Question options:

	accreditation.
	certification.
	licensing.
	professional ethics.
Question 15

According to Michael McFarland, a team of engineers:

Question options:

	has more moral accountability than any of its members.
	has less moral accountability than any of its members.
	has the same amount of moral accountability as its members.
	should always designate a single person to be the ethical "watchdog."
Question 16

The process by which candidates are evaluated to determine their readiness to enter the profession is called:

Question options:

	licensing.
	certification.
	professional candidacy.
	exam administration.
Question 17

Roger Boisjoly provided a Presidential commission with documents supporting his hypothesis about how the cold temperature had caused the failure of an O-ring on the Space Shuttle Challenger. For this action, Boisjoly was considered:

Question options:

	responsible.
	a hero.
	a leader.
	a whistleblower.
Question 18

Michael McFarland argues that a team of engineers should be held to a higher level of moral responsibility than:

Question options:

	management.
	society as a whole.
	the company.
	any of its members.
Question 19

A mature profession insists that its members complete an initial professional education. The process by which the profession assures that this formal course work meets its standards is called:

Question options:

	licensing.
	certification.
	accreditation.
	quality control.
Question 20

Virtue ethics does NOT:

Question options:

	provide a motive for good behavior.
	stress the importance of loyalty.
	promote healthy social interactions.
	make it easier to decide what to do in a particular situation.