SC140 Online Exam 4

Question 1 (5 points)

 

In contrast to going without food, the human body can survive only about __________ days without water.

Question 1 options:

3

7

11

15

Question 2 (5 points)

 

Which of the following sources of water is most likely to contain contaminants?

Question 2 options:

Aquifers

Distilled water

Surface water

Groundwater

Question 3 (5 points)

 

All of the following describe benefits of water acting as a solvent, EXCEPT:

Question 3 options:

rainwater carries air pollutants to earth from the atmosphere.

water helps maintain a chemical balance in our bodies by carrying wastes away.

water in blood plasma transports nutrients to all our ograns.

rainwater dissolves and carries pesticides and fertilizers from farmland to streams and lakes.

Question 4 (5 points)

 

Given that 1 ppb = 1 microgram/L and that the federal government's maximum allowable concentration of lead in drinking water is 15 ppb, how many micrograms of lead in 2L of water would meet this standard?

Question 4 options:

15

30

45

60

Question 5 (5 points)

 

How many grams of NACL would you add to 500 mL of water to create a 1.75M solution of NACL? (1M of NACL = 58.5 g)?

Question 5 options:

102.38 g

58.50 g

51.19 g

43.88 g

Question 6 (5 points)

 

Many of the unique properties of water are a consequence of the overall shape of its molecules as well as the:

Question 6 options:

polarity of its bonds within each molecule.

small EN difference between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

equal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

absence of any hydrogen bonds.

Question 7 (5 points)

 

Ionic compounds are formed when:

Question 7 options:

elements from the same side of the periodic table exchange electrons.

metallic elements and nonmetallic elements exchange electrons.

the sum of the negative charges in both elements is greater than the sum of positive charges.

polyatomic ions are eliminated from the combination.

Question 8 (5 points)

 

All of the following ionic compounds are soluble in water, EXCEPT:

Question 8 options:

ammonium nitrate.

sodium sulfate.

aluminum hydroxide.

calcium carbonate.

Question 9 (5 points)

 

Which of the following best summarizes the solubility rule about the relationship between molecular structure and the formation of chemical compounds?

Question 9 options:

Like dissolves like.

Electricity and water don't mix.

Elements on the same side of the periodic table exchange electrons.

Solvents move through membranes from higher solvent concentrations to lower.

Question 10 (5 points)

 

The EPA has established a legal limit or __________ for the concentration of nitrates, benzene, and other contaminants to our nation's drinking water.

Question 10 options:

maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG)

maximum contaminant level (MCL)

municipal sanitary standard (MSS)

national toxicity requirement (NTR)

Question 11 (5 points)

 

"Hard water" contains high concentrations of dissolved __________ ions.

Question 11 options:

cadmium and chromium

nitrate and lead

calcium and magnesium

sodium and chloride

Question 12 (5 points)

 

Due to its prevalence in the environment and the severe and permanent neurological problems it causes, __________ is considered the most dangerous water contaminant.

Question 12 options:

Chromium

Mercury

Cadmium

Lead

Question 13 (5 points)

 

The oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are referred to as acids even though they contain no hydrogen ions because they:

Question 13 options:

lose electrons after being combusted in car engines.

attract hydrogen atoms from methane gas found in the atmosphere.

produce hydrogen ions once they dissolve in water.

interact with ozone to produce acid anhydrides.

Question 14 (5 points)

 

__________ includes wet forms such as rain, snow, fog, and cloud-like suspensions of microscopic water droplets often more acidic than acid rain.

Question 14 options:

Hydrogen deposition

Acid deposition

pH deposition

Aqueous deposition

Question 15 (5 points)

 

Even though there is relatively little sulfur dioxide in the smoggy air above Los Angeles, it still has quite acidic rain because:

Question 15 options:

sulfur dioxide drifts down from Mt. St. Helen.

car engines are hot enough to create nitrogen monoxide from internal combustion.

its proximity to the Pacific Ocean allows the aqueous sulfur ions to be sucked into the atmosphere.

there are a number of coal-burning power plants in the city to introduce sulfur into the atmosphere.

Question 16 (5 points)

 

A New York glass manufacturer was able to reduce NO emissions by 90% and energy consumption by 50% simply by:

Question 16 options:

switching from air to oxygen in its large furnaces.

using electric power rather than propane in heating the glass.

reducing the burning of high-sulfur coal in its furnaces.

using silicon with a lower melting point to make glass.

Question 17 (5 points)

 

__________ involves a chemical reaction of bacteria among certain plants that removes nitrogen from the air and converts it to ammonia.

Question 17 options:

Denitrification

Neutralization

Biological nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen saturation

Question 18 (5 points)

 

The __________ clause in the Clean Air Act was aimed at requiring utility companies to implement air quality control meansures in older dirty plants once they were "substantially modified."

Question 18 options:

New Source Review

Cap and Trade

Clear Skies Initiative

National Acid Precipitation

Question 19 (5 points)

 

Milk of Magnesia is said to have a pH of 10 which is considered to be:

Question 19 options:

acidic.

basic.

neutral.

slightly acidic.

Question 20 (5 points)

 

The __________ ion originally became incorporated from seawater into ancient rocks such as coal, and when the coal is burned, it releases compounds that become acidic in the atmosphere.

Question 20 options:

sulfur

mercury

zinc

calcium

  

SC140 Assignment1

ASSIGNMENT 01

SC140 Elements of Chemistry

 

There are ways to reduce human-caused pollution.  What we choose to eat, drive, and use in our daily lives can limit our negative effects on the environment.  This assignment is designed to study human behaviors that contribute to pollution levels. 

                    

After successfully completing this assignment you will be able to:

·         Analyze your personal contribution to air pollution,

·         Discuss ways that an individual can minimize environmental pollution. 

 

Instructions:  Keep a detailed diary for three days, identifying how each of your activities contributes to air pollution.  Afterwards, analyze what you could have done to avoid or minimize your adverse environmental impact.  Write a paper outlining your diary and summarizing your results; you must analyze at least six (6) actions in your paper.

    

SC140 Week-6 Threaded Discussion

Discuss and describe polymers and monomers. In addition, discuss their differences.

SC140 Assignment3_06

ASSIGNMENT 03

SC140 Elements of Chemistry

Directions:  Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading.  Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar.  Sources must be cited in APA format.  Your response should be a minimum of one (1) single-spaced page to a maximum of two (2) pages in length; refer to the "Assignment Format" page for specific format requirements.

 

This project offers a hands‑on approach to understanding the acidity of a solution and basic compounds in relation to pH.  You may review this topic by reviewing Chapter 6 in Chemistry in Context.  By completing this project, you will increase your knowledge of the properties of an acid or base and explain how acid‑base reactions are important in environmental chemistry.

 

Acids are classified as strong or weak by their ionization behavior in water.  Basic compounds are referred to as alkaline substances and the watery solutions exhibit a slippery feel.  The addition of acids or bases is often quantified in terms of pH and different levels of pH are found within common foods and chemicals in our households.

 

After successfully completing this project you will be able to:

·         Identify acids and bases in your household,

·         Identify an acid-base reaction and its application.

 

Instructions for the Experiment  

Part I

For Part I of this project, you will need to purchase a package of litmus paper.  You may find this at shops specializing in school supplies, gardening or health foods.  The cost should be minimal.  If you are really adventurous – and the season is right – you can make your own litmus paper by crushing blackberries until they are liquid, pouring the liquid onto construction paper and allowing it to dry.

1.      Use your litmus paper, which turns red in acidic solution and blue in basic solution, to determine the acidity of at least 3 various foods, liquids and moist surfaces around your home. 

2.      Test the pH of your tap water. 

3.      Obtain soil from a nearby garden or lawn, shake it with a small amount of water, let it settle and then test the acidity of the water above the solids. 

4.      Make notes regarding each of your findings.

Part II

1.      Dissolve some baking soda in a large glass of warm water.

2.      Add a couple drops of liquid dish soap and stir. 

3.      Pour vinegar into this solution. 

4.      Make notes describing the chemical reaction involved.

 

SC140 Week-5 Threaded Discussion

Discuss electricity and describe how it is formed.

 

SC140 Week-3 Threaded Discussion

Describe the effects of heat and discuss how heat and temperature compare to each other.

 

SC140 Online Exam 8_12 Score 100 Percent

Question 1 

A __________ is the combination of base, a deoxyribose molecule, and a phosphate group.

  A.  chromosome 

  B.  genome 

  C.  DNA strand 

  D.  nucleotide 

Question 2 

The molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid dictates:

  A.  the manner in which chromosomes are organized. 

  B.  the way DNA encodes genetic information. 

  C.  how molecules carry genetic information. 

  D.  how chemical reactions burn food. 

Question 3 

In a DNA model, the alternating __________ and phosphate groups are represented on the two twisted ribbons.

  A.  thymine 

  B.  guanine 

  C.  sugar 

  D.  cytosine 

Question 4 

Before a cell __________, the double helix partially and rapidly unwinds.

  A.  dies 

  B.  divides 

  C.  replicates 

  D.  bonds 

Question 5 

The overall shape or conformation of the protein molecule is termed its __________ structure.

  A.  tertiary 

  B.  primary 

  C.  secondary 

  D.  substrate 

Question 6 

All enzymes are:

  A.  sugars. 

  B.  proteins. 

  C.  phosphates. 

  D.  glycogens. 

Question 7 

Bacteria contain rings of __________ called plasmids.

  A.  molecules 

  B.  hydrocarbon 

  C.  DNA 

  D.  cells 

Question 8 

DNA __________ utilize(s) unique fragments of DNA to identify a specific individual.

  A.  sourcing 

  B.  fingerprinting 

  C.  analysis 

  D.  probes 

Question 9 

__________ in cells, but not within cell nuclei, are vital to energy production.

  A.  Fatty acids 

  B.  Hydrocarbons 

  C.  Mitochondria 

  D.  Proteins 

Question 10 

Before __________ there was no hepatitis B vaccine.

  A.  transgenic modifications 

  B.  recombinant DNA 

  C.  electrophoresis 

  D.  DNA probes 

Question 11 

The biochemists who set out to decipher the genetic code concentrated on translating base language into __________ language.

  A.  codon 

  B.  substrate 

  C.  amino acid 

  D.  DNA coded 

Question 12 

Chromosomes consist of __________ compact structures of intertwined molecules of DNA in a human cell nucleus.

  A.  39 

  B.  46 

  C.  48 

  D.  52 

Question 13 

What is the totality of human hereditary information in molecular form called?

  A.  Chromosome 

  B.  Human genome 

  C.  DNA 

  D.  RNA 

Question 14 

What is a nucleotide?

  A.  The combination of nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group 

  B.  Phosphate units 

  C.  Deoxyribose 

  D.  The combination of deoxyribose and a phosphate group 

Question 15 

Francis Crick established that genetic code was written in groupings of three DNA bases known as:

  A.  codons. 

  B.  amino acid residues. 

  C.  complementary bases 

  D.  clonings. 

Question 16 

Organic polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds are called:

  A.  proteins. 

  B.  codons. 

  C.  genetic codes. 

  D.  DNA bases. 

Question 17 

Electrophoresis and __________ have made genetic fingerprinting a highly accurate and viable method for fighting crime.

  A.  x-ray diffraction 

  B.  nuclear transfer 

  C.  polymerase chain reaction 

  D.  amniocentesis 

Question 18 

The molecule with its reaction catalyzed by an enzyme is the:

  A.  catalyst. 

  B.  active site. 

  C.  substrate. 

  D.  coenzyme. 

Question 19 

Interferons are:

  A.  proteins that are produced by cells under viral attack. 

  B.  genetically engineered proteins. 

  C.  viruses that attack. 

  D.  proteins that produce carbohydrates when they encounter a virus. 

Question 20 

Diabetes is more effectively treated today through the creation of insulin by:

  A.  sickle-cell anemia. 

  B.  recombinant DNA. 

  C.  polymerase chain reaction. 

  D.  electrophoresis. 

 

SC140 Online Exam 7_11 Score 100 Percent

Question 1 

Consuming insufficient calories that do not meet the daily metabolic needs of the body causes:

  A.  malnutrition. 

  B.  undernourishment. 

  C.  obesity. 

  D.  rickets. 

Question 2 

All of the following are "building block" elements used to construct body cells and tissues, EXCEPT:

  A.  Nitrogen. 

  B.  Chlorine. 

  C.  Oxygen. 

  D.  Hydrogen. 

Question 3 

More than half of a person's body is made up of:

  A.  proteins and carbohydrates. 

  B.  fats. 

  C.  oxygen. 

  D.  water. 

Question 4 

As we age, the production of lactase:

  A.  increases. 

  B.  decreases. 

  C.  ceases. 

  D.  remains constant. 

Question 5 

Triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature are called:

  A.  fats. 

  B.  oils. 

  C.  ester. 

  D.  glycerol. 

Question 6 

A straight chain, fatty acid molecule that is single bonded is called:

  A.  saturated. 

  B.  unsaturated. 

  C.  monounsaturated. 

  D.  polyunsaturated. 

Question 7 

Which two fatty acids cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained from foods?

  A.  Linoleic and linolenic 

  B.  Oleic and linolenic 

  C.  Capric and lauric 

  D.  Palmitic and steoric 

Question 8 

What is the best way for vegetarians to acquire a complete supply of amino acids in their diet?

  A.  Take vitamin supplements. 

  B.  Consume corn products. 

  C.  Apply the complementarity principle. 

  D.  Eat meat every Friday. 

Question 9 

Since our bodies do not store them, which of the following must be consumed frequently and in small doses?

  A.  Trace minerals 

  B.  Water-soluble vitamins 

  C.  Fat-soluble vitamins 

  D.  Amino acids 

Question 10 

For a 150 pound person, how much exercise does it take to metabolize 125 calories found in the average apple?

  A.  Run for 8 minutes 

  B.  Walk for 8 minutes 

  C.  Run for 23 minutes 

  D.  Walk for 25 minutes 

Question 11 

__________ is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses and intracellular enzyme activity.

  A.  Vitamin C 

  B.  Niacin 

  C.  Iron 

  D.  Potassium 

Question 12 

Refrigerated chicken has a shelf life of:

  A.  3 days. 

  B.  7 days. 

  C.  3 weeks. 

  D.  1 month. 

Question 13 

With __________, the daily caloric intake is insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of a person.

  A.  malnutrition 

  B.  dietary restrictions 

  C.  malorexia 

  D.  undernourishment 

Question 14 

The "building block" elements are used to:

  A.  digest food. 

  B.  construct body cells and tissues. 

  C.  provide macronutrients to the body. 

  D.  create chemical reactions to burn food. 

Question 15 

__________ is the most plentiful element in terms of the actual number of atoms present.

  A.  Nitrogen 

  B.  Oxygen 

  C.  Hydrogen 

  D.  Carbon 

Question 16 

__________ has the formula C6H12O6.

  A.  Carbon dioxide 

  B.  Glucose 

  C.  Carbohydrates 

  D.  Cellulose 

Question 17 

__________ is/are polymers made up of thousands of glucose units.

  A.  Polysaccharides 

  B.  Disaccharides 

  C.  Sucrose 

  D.  Complex carbohydrates 

Question 18 

Like starch, __________ is a polymer of glucose.

  A.  sugar 

  B.  cellulose 

  C.  fructose 

  D.  glycogen 

Question 19 

Fats and oils are part of the __________ family.

  A.  fatty acid 

  B.  hydrocarbon 

  C.  lipid 

  D.  petroleum 

Question 20 

__________ provide about 40% of the calories in the average American diet.

  A.  Carbohydrates 

  B.  Fruits and vegetables 

  C.  Proteins 

  D.  Fats

 

SC140 Online Exam 6_10 Score 100 Percent

Question 1 

Natural polymers are found in:

  A.  plants. 

  B.  animals. 

  C.  hair. 

  D.  All of the above 

Question 2 

Clothes, carpet, automobiles, and cell phones all rely on:

  A.  wood. 

  B.  polymers. 

  C.  carbon fibers. 

  D.  copper. 

Question 3 

Which of the following polymers contribute to the construction of plumbing pipe?

  A.  Polyethylene (HDPE) 

  B.  Polystyrene 

  C.  Polypropylene 

  D.  Polyvinyl chloride 

Question 4 

Which of the following is NOT made of synthetic polymers?

  A.  In-line skates 

  B.  Tennis balls 

  C.  Football pants 

  D.  Paper 

Question 5 

A bond between amino acid residues in proteins and monomers in nylon is called a/an:

  A.  hydrogen bond. 

  B.  peptide bond. 

  C.  ionic bond. 

  D.  None of the above 

Question 6 

Molecules are found in a very random arrangement in a(n) __________ polymer.

  A.  amorphous 

  B.  crystalline 

  C.  thermoplastic 

  D.  addition 

Question 7 

Which of the following is a characteristic of paper cups?

  A.  Easy recycling potential 

  B.  Reusable 

  C.  Uses fewer raw materials than styrofoam cups 

  D.  Slowly biodegradable 

Question 8 

Most of the drugs of today contain the element:

  A.  oxygen. 

  B.  carbon. 

  C.  hydrogen. 

  D.  water. 

Question 9 

What is the drug that is used by most Americans and is termed the "wonder drug"?

  A.  Morphine 

  B.  Aspirin 

  C.  Anabolic steroids 

  D.  RU-486 

Question 10 

__________ are different compounds with the same formula and the same number and kinds of atoms.

  A.  Isomers 

  B.  Isotopes 

  C.  Functional groups 

  D.  Antipyretics 

Question 11 

What are pain-reducing properties of a compound called?

  A.  Alcohol 

  B.  Isomers 

  C.  Analgesics 

  D.  Antipyretics 

Question 12 

Aspirin reduces the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that regulate the production of acid and mucus in the stomach and:

  A.  increase fever and swelling. 

  B.  retard kidney functions. 

  C.  decrease sensitivity of pain receptors. 

  D.  promote blood vessel dilation. 

Question 13 

__________ is a mixture consisting of equal amounts of each optimal isomer.

  A.  Racemic 

  B.  Chiral 

  C.  Rotate polarized light 

  D.  Dextrorotary 

Question 14 

What is the steroid that regulates secondary sexual characteristics?

  A.  Progesterone 

  B.  Cortisol 

  C.  Estradiol 

  D.  Cholesterol 

Question 15 

The main function of the steroid cortisol is to:

  A.  control reproductive cycle. 

  B.  regulate metabolism. 

  C.  digest fat. 

  D.  regulate sex hormones. 

Question 16 

What is the most abundant steroid in the body?

  A.  Sex hormones 

  B.  Cholesterol 

  C.  Cortisone 

  D.  Cholic acid 

Question 17 

In order to be classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substance Act, a drug must have which of the following characteristics?

  A.  Accepted medical use and low potential for abuse 

  B.  Current accepted medical use and medium potential for abuse 

  C.  Current accepted medical use and high potential for abuse 

  D.  No current accepted medical use and high potential for abuse 

Question 18 

What is a generic drug?

  A.  The drug, Valium, which is used for anti-anxiety. 

  B.  The first version of a drug marketed under a brand name. 

  C.  The second version of a pioneer drug that is thought to be of better quality and more effective by most customers. 

  D.  An identical pioneer drug that cannot be marketed until patent protection on the original pioneer drug runs out. 

Question 19 

What is a natural way to rid the lungs of excess secretions?

  A.  Hiccuping 

  B.  Sleeping 

  C.  Coughing 

  D.  Shallow breathing 

Question 20 

Which of the following herbs is recommended for reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and insomnia?

  A.  Siberian ginseng 

  B.  St. John's wort 

  C.  Kava kava 

  D.  Passion flower 

 

SC140 Online Exam 2_03 Score 100 Percent

Question 1 

Two pairs of shared electrons are:

  A.  single bond. 

  B.  double bond. 

  C.  triple bond. 

  D.  resonance forms of bonding. 

Question 2 

The constant speed at which light and other forms of radiation travel is:

  A.  186 X 105 meters/sec. 

  B.  4.29 X 1014 meters/sec. 

  C.  3.00 X 108 meters/sec. 

  D.  5.45 X 1014 meters/sec. 

Question 3 

If energy decreases, the wavelength of light increases and the frequency:

  A.  increases. 

  B.  decreases. 

  C.  stays constant. 

  D.  disappears. 

Question 4 

The likelihood of developing nonmelanoma skin cancers is dependent on all of the following factors, EXCEPT:

  A.  stratosphere ozone concentration. 

  B.  latitude in which you live. 

  C.  ethnicity and skin color. 

  D.  longitude in which you live. 

Question 5 

What compounds make up chlorofluorocarbons?

  A.  Bromine, Iodine, Chlorine 

  B.  Cl, F, C 

  C.  Bromine and Iodine 

  D.  C, Fr, Cr 

Question 6 

Based on Figure 2.25 on page 102, concentrations of effective chlorine in the stratosphere are projected to drop to approximately __________ parts per million by 2010.

  A.  3000 

  B.  2800 

  C.  2500 

  D.  2200 

Question 7 

Which of the following best explains the condition of enhanced greenhouse effect?

  A.  81% of the radiation penetrating Earth's atmosphere is of shorter wavelengths. 

  B.  UV-A and UV-B radiation exceeds 81% of the 1950 benchmark. 

  C.  infrared energy return to the earth is greater than 81%. 

  D.  re-radiation to outer space exceeds 81%. 

Question 8 

Atomic structures exemplified by ozone that do not neatly fit Lewis structures are called:

  A.  covalent bonds. 

  B.  polyatomic molecules. 

  C.  resonance forms. 

  D.  triple bonds. 

Question 9 

Use the periodic table on page 17 to calculate the mass percent of Carbon (C) in Carbon dioxide (C02).

  A.  27.3% C 

  B.  42% C 

  C.  37.5% C 

  D.  100% C 

Question 10 

What molecules have been increasing in the atmosphere for decades and have contributed to an elevated global temperature?

  A.  Ammonium sulfate 

  B.  Sulfur dioxide 

  C.  Carbon dioxide 

  D.  Hydrofluorocarbons 

Question 11 

Which of the following best explains why holes in the ozone layer appear predominantly over the South Pole?

  A.  Formation of ice crystals in stratospheric clouds during the long winters provide surfaces that convert otherwise safe molecules into those that deplete ozone. 

  B.  Because of their polarization, free radical chlorine atoms are attracted to the southern magnetic pole where they more effectively serve as catalysts. 

  C.  Chlorofluorocarbons combine with higher concentrations of chlorinated carbon compounds from natural sources that are more prevalent in Antarctica. 

  D.  Ozone depletion occurs equally all over the globe, but the ozone layer is naturally thinner over Antarctica. 

Question 12 

Major substances involved with global warming include all of the following, EXCEPT:

  A.  N2O.   (This is incorrect. I think D should be the answer)

  B.  CFCS. 

  C.  CO2. 

  D.  CH4. 

Question 13 

The term __________ is defined as containing an Avogadro's number of objects.

  A.  pile 

  B.  mole 

  C.  heap 

  D.  mass 

Question 14 

A radical chlorine atom acts like a(n) __________ because it participates in a chemical reaction that destroys ozone, influencing its speed without undergoing permanent change.

  A.  catalyst 

  B.  photon 

  C.  isotope 

  D.  allotrope 

Question 15 

If 6.02 X 1023 sulfur atoms combine with 1 mole of diatomic oxygen, how many moles of sulfur dioxide are produced?

  A.  1 

  B.  2 

  C.  3 

  D.  4 

Question 16 

In the periodic table, which elements typically have similar properties?

  A.  Those in the same rows 

  B.  Those related diagonally 

  C.  Those in the same columns 

  D.  Those on opposite sides 

Question 17 

The nucleus of an atom contains:

  A.  electrons and protons only. 

  B.  protons only. 

  C.  electrons, protons, and neutrons. 

  D.  protons and neutrons only. 

Question 18 

Isotopes of an element have the same number of:

  A.  electrons, but different numbers of protons. 

  B.  protons, but different numbers of neutrons. 

  C.  neutrons, but different numbers of protons. 

  D.  protons, but different numbers of electrons. 

Question 19 

Which explanation accounts for the fact that, on average, cloudy nights are warmer than clear nights?

  A.  Clouds reflect light incoming from the moon. 

  B.  H2O does not absorb infrared energy. 

  C.  Clouds are composed of water vapor and H2O is a strong greenhouse gas. 

  D.  Clouds have a high concentration of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion. 

Question 20 

The carbon cycle refers to:

  A.  the mechanism by which carbon dioxide causes global warming. 

  B.  the frequency of light energy that affects the rotational energy of carbon dioxide. 

  C.  the oxidation of glucose to form carbon dioxide and water. 

  D.  the movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, the sea, and the earth. 

 

SC140 Online Exam 5_08 Score 90 percent

Question 1 

Which would contribute most to your annual radiation exposure?

  A.  Living at an elevation 1,000 m above sea level  (This is incorrect)

  B.  Having a dental X-ray 

  C.  Living within 50 miles of a nuclear reactor 

  D.  Taking a coast-coast trip on a commercial flight 

Question 2 

Which is a common characteristic of both nuclear and conventional electric power plants?

  A.  Smoke stacks  (This is incorrect. I think D. Turbines is the correct answer)

  B.  Fuel rods 

  C.  Water cooling systems 

  D.  Turbines 

Question 3 

Which of the following is used to bathe the control rods and fuel bundles of the nuclear reactor?

  A.  Cadmium 

  B.  Primary coolant 

  C.  Water 

  D.  Boron 

Question 4 

The core of the nuclear reactor consists of:

  A.  fuel pellet. 

  B.  fuel rod. 

  C.  fuel assembly. 

  D.  All of the above 

Question 5 

Due to the nuclear accident of the Ukraine in the 1980's, children in the nearby country of Belarus have suffered from:

  A.  heart disease. 

  B.  juvenile diabetes. 

  C.  thyroid cancer. 

  D.  ear infections. 

Question 6 

Which of the following radiation is without particles, mass, or electrical charge?

  A.  Beta 

  B.  Alpha 

  C.  Gamma 

  D.  X-ray 

Question 7 

Which of the following radiation exposure is from human-related sources?

  A.  Soil 

  B.  Rock 

  C.  Radon 

  D.  Diagnostic X-rays 

Question 8 

Storage or disposal of Uranium-238 waste is more difficult than other types of waste due to its toxicity and its:

  A.  extreme mass. 

  B.  quick decomposition into other isotopes. 

  C.  long half-life. 

  D.  value to smugglers. 

Question 9 

All of the following are potential risks associated with nuclear-powered electricity, EXCEPT:

  A.  black lung disease. 

  B.  reactor meltdown like Chernobyl. 

  C.  leakage of stored HLW into aquifers and soil. 

  D.  enriched uranium used as weapons by terrorist organizations. 

Question 10 

What is a device that converts electrical energy to chemical energy?

  A.  Galvanic cell 

  B.  Electrolytic cell 

  C.  Battery 

  D.  Electrochemical cell 

Question 11 

The __________ produces electricity by "burning" hydrogen with oxygen without a flame and with relatively little heat and no light being produced.

  A.  storage battery 

  B.  fuel cell 

  C.  galvanic cell 

  D.  anode 

Question 12 

What is the positive electrode of a battery where reduction takes place called?

  A.  Anode 

  B.  Cathode 

  C.  Voltage 

  D.  Electrochemical potential 

Question 13 

The rate of electron flow is:

  A.  the size of the cell. 

  B.  the current. 

  C.  the voltage. 

  D.  electrical energy. 

Question 14 

Which of the following is mainly considered for use in electric vehicles?

  A.  Hydrogen fuel 

  B.  Methanol fuel 

  C.  Proton exchange membrane 

  D.  Platinum based fuel 

Question 15 

All of the following are drawbacks to hydrogen-powered vehicles, EXCEPT:

  A.  cheap generation of hydrogen fuel. 

  B.  toxic emissions from hydrogen combustion. 

  C.  safe storage of highly reactive hydrogen gas. 

  D.  cheap and effective transport of hydrogen fuel. 

Question 16 

Which of the following has revolutionized communication and computing in the last 20 years?

  A.  Sandwiches of n- and p-type semiconductors 

  B.  Formation of hydrogen from endothermic methane reactions 

  C.  Expanded electronic storage of data 

  D.  Privatization of telephone utilities 

Question 17 

What kind of energy is primarily used to bring electricity to remote areas that are far from power lines?

  A.  Kerosene 

  B.  Batteries 

  C.  Solar electric units 

  D.  Electrical network 

Question 18 

Whenever a substance is oxidized:

  A.  it is called the oxidizing agent. 

  B.  some other substance must be reduced. 

  C.  it gains electrons. 

  D.  hydronium ions are produced. 

Question 19 

What condition must be met for a battery to be rechargeable?

  A.  Either its anode or its cathode must generate a gas as a result of the electrochemical reaction. 

  B.  It must generate electricity via an acid-base reaction rather than via an oxidation reduction reaction. 

  C.  The battery must be open to the outside so that it can vent any internal pressure that builds up from gases within it. 

  D.  The electrochemical reaction of the battery must be reversible. 

Question 20 

Very small mercury batteries have been made and used in a multitude of applications. Why have they been replaced by other kinds of batteries for most applications?

  A.  Mercury has become far too expensive to use in batteries. 

  B.  Mercury is poisonous and difficult to dispose of. 

  C.  These batteries cannot generate enough current for any modern devices. 

  D.  Though they may be made very small, they are far too heavy to use in most applications.