Ashworth Semester Exam SO110 Essentials of Sociology

Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of __________ culture.
high
nonmaterial
material
low

The two anthropologists who studied the Hopi Indians and concluded that language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world were:
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf.
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin.
Karl Marx and Frederick Engels.
Frank Parker and Craig Donovan.

Believing that all football players are academically challenged, that all African Americans are great athletes, and that all women can cook well are examples of:
culture shock.
the relativist fallacy.
stereotyping.
cultural relativism.

As societies grow larger, they divide work among members based on some standardized characteristic such as age or sex. This is referred to as:
social solidarity.
social imperative.
division of labor.
class structure.

All of the following theories follow the principles of symbolic interactionism EXCEPT __________ theory.
differential association
control
labeling
strain

What is the major means of control used by the neocolonialists to maintain global stratification?
Using military occupation as a form of coercion
Bribing the country's government officials
Creating debt along with ever-mounting interest
Controlling the country's mass media

In colonial America, reaching an older age was viewed:
as a significant accomplishment.
as an unusual and repulsive process.
as something to be avoided.
with indifference.

Max Weber used the term __________ to refer to the transition of authority from a charismatic leader to either a rational-legal authority or traditional authority.
passing of the gavel
routinization of charisma
transfer of power
rationalization of leadership

It is still customary in U.S. society for a bride to accept her husband's last name and for the bride's family to pay for the wedding. What is the line of authority this represents?
Patriarchy
Matriarchy
A bilineal society
An egalitarian society

A city of 10,000 to 50,000 residents that is not a suburb of another larger city and is often located "next to nowhere" is called a(n):
edge city.
micropolis.
vector village.
unincorporated city.

    

 

SO11S Lesson 8 Exam SCORE 100 PERCENT

Question 1

In the demographic transition theory, a "population explosion" traditionally occurs in the __________ stage.

Question options:

	first
	second
	third
	fourth
Question 2

The region of the world with the highest number of legal immigrants is:

Question options:

	North America.
	Asia.
	Central and South America.
	Europe.
Question 3

Based on the classic Marxist view, what is the new arrangement of power that develops when the previous position is altered due to its inherent contradictions?

Question options:

	The thesis
	The antithesis
	The metamorphosis
	The synthesis
Question 4

When a Least Industrialized Nation experiences political instability that threatens an entire region's balance of power, what action is the United Nations most likely to take?

Question options:

	It will sever all economic connections with the politically unstable nation.
	It will give agriculture and birth control aid to the masses and sell guns to the elites.
	It will ignore the situation because of the Marshall plan.
	It will attempt to act as a mediator between the citizens of the affected nation and their government.
Question 5

The city of Whispering Falls is trying to boost its economy by offering large corporations low taxes and economic assistance to locate in an industrial park within the city limits. Such a strategy is referred to as:

Question options:

	redlining.
	establishing an enterprise zone.
	gentrification.
	urban renewal.
Question 6

Although all the faculty members of Acadia University have new state-of-the-art computers, several professors refuse to use them and even replaced them with personal typewriters. This is an example of cultural:

Question options:

	diffusion.
	contracts.
	lag.
	reformulation.
Question 7

What is the primary benefit of technology for the Most Industrialized Nations?

Question options:

	It permits them to use fossil fuels efficiently.
	It increases the nation's ability to analyze information, communicate, and travel.
	It employs more people in the primary economic sector.
	It permits the use of workers in the secondary sector of the economy.
Question 8

Combining glass, a filament, and metal base (all of which previously existed) to form a new tool called the light bulb is an example of:

Question options:

	diffusion.
	discovery.
	invention.
	reformulation.
Question 9

According to sociologist William Julius Wilson, what organizational change in society transformed the inner cities into ghettos?

Question options:

	Suburbanization
	Urbanization
	Deindustrialization
	Urban patterns
Question 10

The computer now allows the instantaneous transfer of billions of dollars from one country to another. One of the concerns of governments about this easy transferring of digitized money is that:

Question options:

	the money would be easily lost.
	there are few traces for government to follow.
	the money could be put into the wrong accounts.
	the money is easily counterfeited.
Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a "pull" of urban life?

Question options:

	Live concerts of rap and salsa music
	An increase in crime
	An Italian marketplace
	An increase in work opportunities
Question 12

With a population of over 37 million, the largest city in the world today is:

Question options:

	Tokyo.
	New Delhi.
	Mexico City.
	Peking.
Question 13

What is the goal of environmental sociology?

Question options:

	Stop pollution and discourage the use of nuclear power
	Understand the interrelationship between societies and the environment
	Examine how the man-made environment develops over time
	Analyze the potential physical limits to economic growth
Question 14

What is the end result when the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide produced by burning fossil fuels react with the atmospheric moisture?

Question options:

	The greenhouse effect
	Global warming
	The destruction of the ozone layer
	Acid rain
Question 15

What did historian James Flink cite as the primary reason women were transformed from producers of food and clothing to consumers of national-brand canned goods, prepared foods, and ready-made clothes?

Question options:

	The credit card
	No fault divorce
	The automobile
	Women's liberation
Question 16

In the realignment of the world's powers after World War II, the center of the European component of the realignment became:

Question options:

	Germany.
	Great Britain.
	France.
	the Soviet Union.
Question 17

What term did Karl Marx use to describe the dissatisfaction and unrest felt by workers when they are separated from the ownership of their work?

Question options:

	Alienation
	False consciousness
	Capitalism
	Anomie
Question 18

A situation where there are more bystanders, but a tendency for fewer bystanders to help in an emergency situation, is referred to as:

Question options:

	compartmentalization.
	diffusion of responsibility.
	regression.
	fight or flight syndrome.
Question 19

According to sociologist Herbert Gans, people experience the city differently. How did Gans suggest some people find a sense of community in the city?

Question options:

	They personalize their shopping and patronize the same establishments.
	They paint graffiti on an abandoned building using their "street" names.
	They live in the more affluent areas of the city.
	They adopt the particular culture of the area and call it their own.
Question 20

Jim and Milly are one of ten couples who have decided to buy and restore an older house in a deteriorated urban neighborhood. Jim and Milly are part of a movement referred to as:

Question options:

	urban renovation.
	gentrification.
	urban networking.
	city upgrading.

 

SO11S Lesson 6 & 7 Exam SCORE 100 PERCENT

Question 1

The "global village" refers to:

Question options:

	a world without distinction regarding ethnicity or race.
	a world without national boundaries.
	the linking of the world's nations by fast communications, trade, and transportation.
	the elimination of poverty and disease from humanity.
Question 2

What is the literal translation of the word charismatic based on its Greek origin?

Question options:

	It means a nation of laws, not men.
	It means a gift freely and graciously given.
	It means government by the people.
	It means those who are divinely chosen.
Question 3

The linking of the world's nations by fast communication, transportation, and increased trade has created what sociologists refer to as:

Question options:

	an open market.
	the global village.
	a new world order.
	the corporate universe.
Question 4

Which of the following power styles is the best example of totalitarianism?

Question options:

	The Bush administration since the passage of the Patriot Act
	Queen Elizabeth II's rule over England and Wales
	Tribal rule in villages of the Amazon River Basin
	Nazi Germany and the Gestapo
Question 5

What is the three branch system which is designed to ensure that power remains distributed in U.S. government so that no one branch dominates?

Question options:

	Proportional representation
	Power politics
	Checks and balances
	The centrist solution
Question 6

How would Karl Marx define "profit"?

Question options:

	The excess value of a product that is withheld from workers
	The gross domestic product of a society
	The price of the goods less the cost to manufacture the goods
	The total cost of the product to the consumer
Question 7

What term does William Domhoff use to refer to the top one percent of Americans who belong to the super-rich and capitalist class?

Question options:

	The upper class leaders
	The power elite
	The ruling class
	The political supreme
Question 8

Which nations serve as the best examples of democratic socialism?

Question options:

	The United States and Great Britain
	Denmark and Sweden
	China and Russia
	Taiwan and Japan
Question 9

Which of the following best describes rational-legal authority?

Question options:

	Rule by custom and folkways
	Rule by the power of personality
	Rule by tradition
	Rule by written laws
Question 10

The American statesman who said, "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...the tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants" was:

Question options:

	Thomas Jefferson.
	Alexander Hamilton.
	George Washington.
	Benjamin Franklin.
Question 11

Who coined the term "postindustrial society" in 1973?

Question options:

	Daniel Bell
	Michael Burawoy
	Thorstein Veblen
	Max Weber
Question 12

In the United States, which political party is most associated with the working class?

Question options:

	Republican
	Socialist Worker
	Democrat
	Reform Party
Question 13

What do Ross Perot and Theodore Roosevelt have in common?

Question options:

	They were both Reform Party candidates for President of the United States.
	They were both war heroes who later became high-ranking elected officials.
	They were the most successful third party candidates to ever run for President of the United States.
	Neither of them was ever successful in their bid to become President of the United States.
Question 14

People who influence legislation on behalf of their clients are referred to as:

Question options:

	special-interest groups.
	lobbyists.
	campaign contributors.
	political action committees.
Question 15

What percent of the entire nation's income goes to the richest fifth of Americans?

Question options:

	30 percent
	35 percent
	40 percent
	50 percent
Question 16

Marcus has not voted for the last fifteen years because he feels that the political system has never done anything positive for him, so his vote really would not affect his life one way or the other. What is the emotional reaction Marcus is experiencing?

Question options:

	Hostility
	Anomie
	Alienation
	Confusion
Question 17

What condition had to exist before members of a society could create a permanent or semi-permanent place to live?

Question options:

	A powerful ruler who was able to control power
	A form of barter that was used as an economy
	A strong military that protected all citizens
	A dependable food supply
Question 18

What is another name for rational-legal authority?

Question options:

	Fascism
	Totalitarianism
	Democratic socialism
	Bureaucratic authority
Question 19

What did Joan of Arc, Adolph Hitler, and Jesus Christ all have in common?

Question options:

	They were all driven to success by political ambition.
	They were all charismatic leaders.
	They were elected to the positions they held.
	They were all ultimately successful in their ambitions.
Question 20

Overlapping memberships of the world's top multinational companies enfold their leaders into a small circle called a(n):

Question options:

	global superclass.
	global village.
	international monopoly.
	multinational corporation.
Question 21

Marianne and her children live in a neighborhood where all the families share their resources when someone needs help. The neighbors also consider themselves to be an extended family. Sociologists would describe them as:

Question options:

	communally living.
	neo-nuclear kin.
	fictive kin.
	illusory kin.
Question 22

Schools determining which people will enter what occupation based on their capabilities is referred to as:

Question options:

	mainstreaming.
	multicultural representation.
	telescoping.
	social placement.
Question 23

Why do functionalists argue that the incest taboo is a nearly universal norm?

Question options:

	It reinforces patriarchal authority.
	Incest is universally regarded as a deviant act.
	The incest taboo facilitates the socialization of children and avoids role confusion.
	It prevents the transference of genetic defects.
Question 24

When Ray Rist conducted a participant observation study in an African American grade school, what did he conclude was the underlying basis for assigning children to different worktables in kindergarten?

Question options:

	Students' preference
	Students' personality
	Sex of the student
	Social class
Question 25

What is the primary reason sociologists study religion?

Question options:

	To verify or disprove the principles of specific faiths
	To evaluate the truth of a religious teaching
	To prove which religion is superior in doctrine and practice
	To study the role that religion plays in people's lives
Question 26

How has the age of the average first-time bride and groom in the United States changed since 1890?

Question options:

	Both the bride and groom are older than at any other time.
	Both the bride and groom are younger than at any other time.
	The bride is older, but the groom is younger than at any other time.
	The groom is older, but the bride is younger than at any other time.
Question 27

What is the term that refers to a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with God?

Question options:

	Cosmology
	Functional equivalent of religion
	Religious experience
	Animism
Question 28

Among married couples, who is the most likely to care for preschoolers when both parents work outside the home?

Question options:

	Organized childcare facilities
	Nannies
	Grandparents
	Other relatives
Question 29

In some tribal societies it is highly encouraged for the son or daughter of one tribe to marry the son or daughter of a neighboring or rival tribe to build camaraderie and form an alliance. This pattern of marital behavior is called:

Question options:

	exogamy.
	endogamy.
	polygyny.
	polyandry.
Question 30

In a study of teacher expectations, sociologist George Farkas found that females and Asian Americans averaged higher course grades even though the scores on course work were the same for all students no matter the race/ethnicity or gender. What did Farkas conclude was the reason for this finding?

Question options:

	They knew how to signal teachers by being more eager and cooperative.
	They did more extra credit work than other students.
	They asked more questions about the work they were doing.
	They stayed after school and helped the teacher clean the room.
Question 31

Of the following, in which group is a woman more likely to marry a man with less education than she has?

Question options:

	Asian American
	Latino
	African American
	Native American
Question 32

According to some researchers, Latino Families are characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:

Question options:

	Roman Catholic religion.
	large families.
	strong family orientation.
	the Spanish language.
Question 33

Sociologically, what is the immediate family of husband, wife, and children called who live apart from other kin?

Question options:

	The nuclear family
	The vertical extended family
	The horizontal extended family
	The traditional family
Question 34

Asian American families are more likely to adopt the practice of __________, which is the Confucian value meaning each member of a family owes respect to other family members.

Question options:

	obligation
	collectivity
	humanism
	moderation
Question 35

When employers use diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work, it becomes a __________ society.

Question options:

	fiduciary
	bifurcated
	credential
	bureaucratic
Question 36

From a symbolic interactionist perspective, what does wearing a cross signify for Christians?

Question options:

	The cross is viewed as protection from evil spirits.
	It is a condensed way for the wearer to say, "I am a follower of Jesus Christ."
	The cross is considered appropriate jewelry only for Christians.
	The cross acts as a badge of courage for fundamentalists.
Question 37

What do less rigorous teaching, dummied down textbooks and less reading have in common with watching television, and playing video and computer games?

Question options:

	All are related to low math scores on the SAT tests.
	All are related to low verbal scores on the SAT tests.
	They all contribute to poor testing on standardized tests.
	They all contribute to poor academic skills among high school students.
Question 38

What is the most popular way to accomplish gatekeeping?

Question options:

	Creating a two-tier level of schools
	Charging tuition for students to attend the better schools
	Tracking or sorting students into different education programs
	Opening programs to all students
Question 39

What is the sandwich generation?

Question options:

	Grandparents act as parents rearing their children's children.
	Couples that have both come from large families but have no children of their own.
	Couples that divorce, and neither the mother nor father will take custody of the children.
	People who find themselves responsible for both their children and their aging parents.
Question 40

In order to include cohabitating couples as well as gay and lesbian couples, sociologists suggest the term marital rape be changed to __________ rape.

Question options:

	intimacy
	non-battering
	perverted
	sadistic-masochistic