ECON201 Week 8 Final Exam SCORE 100 PERCENT

Quiz

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Question 1 (5 points)

 

One defining characteristic of pure monopoly is that:

Question 1 options:

	The monopolist is a price taker
	The monopolist uses advertising
	The monopolist produces a product with no close substitutes
	There is relatively easy entry into the industry, but exit is difficult

Question 2 (5 points)

 

Which is a barrier to entry?

Question 2 options:

	Close substitutes
	Diseconomies of scale
	Government licensing
	Price-taking behavior

Question 3 (5 points)

 

Other things equal, which reduces competition in an industry?

Question 3 options:

	Patent laws
	Freedom of entry for new firms
	An increase in the number of producers
	An increase in the number of buyers

Question 4 (5 points)

 

The representative firm in a purely competitive industry:

Question 4 options:

	Will always earn a profit in the short run
	May earn either an economic profit or a loss in the long run
	Will always earn an economic profit in the long run
	Will earn an economic profit of zero in the long run

Question 5 (5 points)

 

An example of a monopolistically competitive industry would be:

Question 5 options:

	Steel
	Soybeans
	Electricity
	Retail clothing

Question 6 (5 points)

 

Firms in an industry will not earn long-run economic profits if:

Question 6 options:

	Fixed costs are zero
	The number of firms in the industry is fixed
	There is free entry and exit of firms in the industry
	Production costs for a given level of output are minimized

Question 7 (5 points)

 

Marginal product is:

Question 7 options:

	the increase in total output attributable to the employment of one more worker.
	the increase in total revenue attributable to the employment of one more worker.
	the increase in total cost attributable to the employment of one more worker.
	total product divided by the number of workers employed.

Question 8 (5 points)

 

The law of diminishing returns indicates that:

Question 8 options:

	as extra units of a variable resource are added to a fixed resource, marginal product will decline beyond some point.
	because of economies and diseconomies of scale a competitive firm's long-run average total cost curve will be U-shaped.
	the demand for goods produced by purely competitive industries is downsloping.
	beyond some point the extra utility derived from additional units of a product will yield the consumer smaller and smaller extra amounts of satisfaction.

Question 9 (5 points)

 

Which of the following is most likely to be a variable cost?

Question 9 options:

	fuel and power payments
	interest on business loans
	rental payments on IBM equipment
	real estate taxes

Question 10 (5 points)

 

If average total cost is declining, then:

Question 10 options:

	marginal cost must be greater than average total cost.
	the average fixed cost curve must lie above the average variable cost curve.
	marginal cost must be less than average total cost.
	total cost must also be declining.

Question 11 (5 points)

 

The selling of stock is debt financing for a corporation.

Question 11 options:

	True
	False

Question 12 (5 points)

 

Average fixed costs diminish continuously as output increases.

Question 12 options:

	True
	False

Question 13 (5 points)

 

Patents and copyrights were established by the government to reduce oligopoly and monopoly power.

Question 13 options:

	True
	False

Question 14 (5 points)

 

Prices in oligopolistic industries are predicted to fluctuate widely and frequently compared to other market structures.

Question 14 options:

	True
	False

Question 15 (5 points)

 

The positive view of advertising suggests that it contributes to economic efficiency in the economy.

Question 15 options:

	True
	False

Question 16 (5 points)

 

Price fixing is illegal under Section 1 of the Sherman Act.

Question 16 options:

	True
	False

Question 17 (5 points)

 

Rent-seeking behavior refers to activities designed to transfer income or wealth to a particular firm or resource supplier at someone else's or society's expense.

Question 17 options:

	True
	False

Question 18 (5 points)

 

A purely competitive firm is a price maker, but a monopolist is a price taker.

Question 18 options:

	True
	False

Short-Run Costs

Question 19 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Short-Run Costs) At the given price, the most profitable level of output occurs at quantity:

Question 19 options:

	N
	P
	S
	T

Question 20 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Short-Run Costs) If the price declines, the minimum quantity of output supplied in the short run is quantity:

Question 20 options:

	O.
	Q.
	R.
	S.

Question 21 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Short-Run Costs) If the price declines, production will continue in the short run, even though the firm incurs a loss, between quantities:

Question 21 options:

	O and Q.
	Q and R.
	R and S.
	S and T.

Question 22 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Short-Run Costs) This firm's supply curve begins at quantity:

Question 22 options:

	Q.
	R.
	S.
	T.

Profit Maximization in Monopolistic Competition

Question 23 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Profit Maximization in Monopolistic Competition) A firm in monopolistic competition will maximize profits by producing the level of output where:

Question 23 options:

	P = MC
	MR = MC
	P = MR
	price minus ATC (i.e., economic profit per unit) is the largest.

Question 24 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Profit Maximization in Monopolistic Competition) In the short run, a firm in monopolistic competition may experience economic profits as shown in Panel (a) as the distance:

Question 24 options:

	PS.
	PS times the quantity 0M.
	PS times the quantity Q.
	PT times the quantity Q.

Question 25 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Profit Maximization in Monopolistic Competition) If other firms see economic profits in the industry, they will enter it, and the demand curve for firms already in the industry will shift to the ________ ; in the long run, this will result in economic profit _______ and price _______ .

Question 25 options:

	right; = 0; = ATC; = minimum ATC
	right; > 0; > ATC
	left; < 0; < ATC
	left; = 0; = ATC; > minimum ATC

Question 26 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Profit Maximization in Monopolistic Competition) In monopolistic competition, long-run equilibrium is characterized by:

Question 26 options:

	P > MR.
	P < MR.
	P = MR.
	profit maximization, which occurs where P = MR = MC.

Question 27 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Profit Maximization in Monopolistic Competition) In Panel (a), if the firm raises its price above P, it will:

Question 27 options:

	lose all its customers.
	still have some customers.
	not lose any customers.
	have none of the above occur.

Question 28 (5 points)

 

(Exhibit: Profit Maximization in Monopolistic Competition) In determining the price in monopolistic competition:

Question 28 options:

	the price to the firm is given by supply and demand for the industry.
	the firm is a price taker.
	the firm applies the marginal decision rule.
	A and B are true.

Short Essay

Question 29 (20 points)

 

Which of the following is (are) most likely to be produced under conditions resembling perfect competition - automobiles, beer, corn, diamonds, and eggs. Defend your answer in economic terms.