SO245 Lesson 4 & 5 Exam SCORE 98 PERCENT (2019)

Lesson 4 Exam

 

Question 1

2.5 / 2.5 points

According to the course, _______ scientific experts believe there is still time to address environmental problems and change our course toward a sustainable future.

Question options:

a) 

all

b) 

no

c) 

most

d) 

very few

Question 2

2.5 / 2.5 points

The ozone layer contains about _______ percent of atmospheric ozone.

Question options:

a) 

60

b) 

75

c) 

90

d) 

99

Question 3

2.5 / 2.5 points

Two students are discussing causes of desertification in semi-arid locales. Allen maintains that overcultivation depletes soil of vital nutrients. Audrey argues that overgrazing strips vegetation and leads to soil erosion and deforestation. Which student is correct?

Question options:

a) 

Both Allen and Audrey are incorrect.

b) 

Both Allen and Audrey are correct.

c) 

Only Allen is correct.

d) 

Only Audrey is correct.

Question 4

2.5 / 2.5 points

Which global region produces the most waste per capita?

Question options:

a) 

China

b) 

India

c) 

United States

d) 

Europe

Question 5

2.5 / 2.5 points

Disruption of the _______ cycle will have an unpredictable impact on humans due to this cycle's vital role in regulating global climate patterns.

Question options:

a) 

nitrogen

b) 

carbon

c) 

phosphorous

d) 

water

Question 6

2.5 / 2.5 points

According to the EPA, the second most significant factor in human-caused global warming and climate change is

Question options:

a) 

deforestation.

b) 

burning of fossil fuels.

c) 

desertification.

d) 

species extinction.

Question 7

2.5 / 2.5 points

Which statement best characterizes the temperate grassland biome?

Question options:

a) 

The rainy season lasts for six to eight months.

b) 

During the parched dry season, fires turn vegetation to ash.

c) 

This biome features perennial grasses as well as flowering plants called forbs.

d) 

This biome includes strands of trees separated by grasses.

Question 8

2.5 / 2.5 points

When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, it produces _______ acid.

Question options:

a) 

carbolic

b) 

carbonaceous

c) 

carbonic

d) 

corrosive

Question 9

2.5 / 2.5 points

A(n) _______ is the natural space inhabited by a particular plant or animal.

Question options:

a) 

habitat

b) 

ecoregion

c) 

community

d) 

ecosystem

Question 10

2.5 / 2.5 points

Where would you find a cold desert biome?

Question options:

a) 

Mojave

b) 

Sahara

c) 

Sahel

d) 

Antarctica

Question 11

2.5 / 2.5 points

According to the course, which of these has not been linked to damage caused by UVB radiation?

Question options:

a) 

Destruction of DNA

b) 

Melanoma and premature aging

c) 

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

d) 

Severe sunburn

Question 12

2.5 / 2.5 points

The current rate of species extinction is conservatively estimated at _______ times greater than the background rate.

Question options:

a) 

20 to 200

b) 

50 to 5,000

c) 

100 to 1,000

d) 

300 to 3,000

Question 13

2.5 / 2.5 points

Of the four modes of species interaction, trophic interactions are associated with

Question options:

a) 

parasitism.

b) 

competition.

c) 

mutualism.

d) 

predation.

Question 14

2.5 / 2.5 points

Most of our weather takes place in Earth's

Question options:

a) 

geosphere.

b) 

mesosphere.

c) 

troposphere.

d) 

thermosphere.

Question 15

2.5 / 2.5 points

When ecologists study the way energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled, they're engaged in _______ in an effort to understand how the whole system works.

Question options:

a) 

habitat ecology

b) 

systemic analysis

c) 

ecosystem ecology

d) 

biosphere studies

Question 16

2.5 / 2.5 points

Which planet is in the so-called "Goldilocks zone"?

Question options:

a) 

Earth

b) 

Mars

c) 

Jupiter

d) 

Venus

Question 17

2.5 / 2.5 points

The foremost emitters of methane are

Question options:

a) 

oceans and rivers.

b) 

oil and gas industries.

c) 

landfills.

d) 

sheep ranches.

Question 18

2.5 / 2.5 points

Where can the largest tropical forest on the planet be found?

Question options:

a) 

Amazon Basin

b) 

Indian subcontinent

c) 

Congo Basin

d) 

Indonesian archipelago

Question 19

2.5 / 2.5 points

Plankton and phytoplankton represent the base of the oceanic food chain and produce about _______ percent of our planet's atmospheric oxygen.

Question options:

a) 

20

b) 

30

c) 

40

d) 

50

Question 20

2.5 / 2.5 points

Taiga includes the largest contiguous forests on the planet and make up about _______ percent of all of Earth's forests.

Question options:

a) 

50

b) 

40

c) 

30

d) 

20

Lesson 5 Exam

 

Question 21

2.5 / 2.5 points

Demographically speaking, in the United States the rate of natural increase is currently below replacement. However, the population continues to grow due to net

Question options:

a) 

decrease.

b) 

emigration.

c) 

birth rate.

d) 

migration.

Question 22

2.5 / 2.5 points

_______ is the global area with the highest rate of population growth.

Question options:

a) 

China

b) 

Africa

c) 

Canada

d) 

Mexico

Question 23

2.5 / 2.5 points

In the four-stage model of transition theory, declining death rates and continuing high birth rates are characteristic of Stage

Question options:

a) 

1.

b) 

2.

c) 

3.

d) 

4.

Question 24

2.5 / 2.5 points

In _______, death rates have declined markedly even as infant mortality rates continue as the highest in the world.

Question options:

a) 

Pakistan

b) 

India

c) 

Afghanistan

d) 

Nigeria

Question 25

0 / 2.5 points

Which of these statements regarding gender difference in the death rate is false?

Question options:

a) 

Female children are more likely to die young than males.

b) 

Males tend to avoid employment in riskier occupations.

c) 

Males engage in more risk-taking behaviors than females.

d) 

Females experience more stress related to gender roles.

Question 26

2.5 / 2.5 points

The discussion in the course regarding the experience of China during Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1960 was meant to illustrate that

Question options:

a) 

population growth doesn't necessarily proceed at a steady rate.

b) 

economic policies are critical to sustain population growth.

c) 

political and economic factors are irrelevant to population growth.

d) 

unrestrained population growth leads to political instability.

Question 27

2.5 / 2.5 points

The _______ ratio compares the number of economically productive people within a specific population to the number of people younger than 15 and older than 64.

Question options:

a) 

dependency

b) 

productivity

c) 

producer-consumer

d) 

age to productivity

Question 28

2.5 / 2.5 points

What is the standard symbol for carrying capacity?

Question options:

a) 

C

b) 

K

c) 

J

d) 

N

Question 29

2.5 / 2.5 points

From the perspective of Marx and Engels, the political and economic theories of
Adam Smith, John Locke, and others are mainly a(n) _______ of the capitalist system.

Question options:

a) 

ideological critique

b) 

rationalization

c) 

criminal indictment

d) 

radicalization

Question 30

2.5 / 2.5 points

Which statement is true regarding global population growth trends?

Question options:

a) 

Over the last 10,000 years, the human population has climbed slowly but steadily.

b) 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2010, the total human population was just short of 9 billion people.

c) 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2010, the growth rate percentage was just over 1 percent.

d) 

By the year 1,000 CE, Earth's total human population had nearly doubled.

Question 31

2.5 / 2.5 points

In developed countries, a fertility rate of 2.1 live births per 1000 births per year is called _______ fertility.

Question options:

a) 

stabilized

b) 

replacement

c) 

declining

d) 

increasing

Question 32

2.5 / 2.5 points

Thomas Malthus proposed a list of preventive and positive measures to control population growth. Which of these would Malthus call a positive check?

Question options:

a) 

Refraining from sexual intercourse on a regular basis

b) 

Postponing marriage until later on in life

c) 

Planning to create a smaller family

d) 

Being prepared to cope with extreme poverty and malnutrition

Question 33

2.5 / 2.5 points

Demographers have added a fifth stage to the classic four-stage transition theory. Namely, when birth rates fall below replacement and death rates exceed birth rates, a country can be said to have entered Stage 5. As mentioned in the course, all of these countries are now considered to be at Stage 5 except

Question options:

a) 

Argentina.

b) 

Greece.

c) 

Germany.

d) 

Portugal.

Question 34

2.5 / 2.5 points

In a growing population, the rate of natural increase equals the birth rate minus the death rate plus net

Question options:

a) 

migration.

b) 

averages.

c) 

emigration.

d) 

fertility.

Question 35

2.5 / 2.5 points

Malthus was incorrect on a key assumption. It turns out that as a population's standard of living increases, birth rates

Question options:

a) 

stabilize.

b) 

increase.

c) 

equalize.

d) 

decrease.

Question 36

2.5 / 2.5 points

_______ death rate equals total deaths per year divided by the midyear population. This figure is normally expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

Question options:

a) 

Estimated

b) 

Projected

c) 

Approximate

d) 

Crude

Question 37

2.5 / 2.5 points

Which stage of transition theory is usually quite brief?

Question options:

a) 

Stage 2

b) 

Stage 3

c) 

Stage 4

d) 

Stage 5

Question 38

2.5 / 2.5 points

Ehrlich's dire projections differed from those of Malthus in that he applied the principle of geometric progression to

Question options:

a) 

vital resources like oil, copper, and top soils.

b) 

significant climate change variables.

c) 

escalating species die-off.

d) 

birth and death rates by social class.

Question 39

2.5 / 2.5 points

According to the course, all of the following factors are likely to be sources of social problems related to population density except

Question options:

a) 

economics.

b) 

spirituality.

c) 

cultural factors.

d) 

politics.

Question 40

2.5 / 2.5 points

Which type of historical information about a population would not be found in an age pyramid?

Question options:

a) 

Ethnicity

b) 

Fertility

c) 

Mortality

d) 

Migration


 

                        

 

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